What is Cultivar?

A cultivar, short for "cultivated variety," is a plant variety that has been produced through selective breeding and cultivation for specific desirable characteristics. In the cannabis industry, cultivars are distinct genetic varieties of cannabis plants that have been bred to express particular traits such as cannabinoid profiles, terpene compositions, growth patterns, yield potential, and resistance to pests or diseases. The term "cultivar" is often used interchangeably with "strain" in cannabis contexts, though cultivar is the more scientifically accurate terminology. Each cultivar represents a unique genetic lineage with consistent, reproducible characteristics when grown under similar conditions. Cannabis cultivars are typically categorized into three main classifications: Indica, Sativa, and hybrid varieties. However, modern genetic analysis reveals that most commercial cannabis represents complex hybrids rather than pure landrace genetics. Popular cultivars like Blue Dream, OG Kush, and Wedding Cake have become industry standards due to their consistent effects, market appeal, and cultivation characteristics. The development of new cultivars involves crossing different parent plants to combine desired traits. Breeders may spend years stabilizing genetics through multiple generations to ensure consistent phenotypic expression. Licensed cannabis operations often maintain libraries of mother plants representing dozens of proven cultivars to ensure genetic consistency across production cycles. Cultivar selection significantly impacts commercial cannabis operations, as different varieties can vary dramatically in flowering time (typically 8-12 weeks), yield potential (ranging from 0.5-2+ pounds per plant outdoors), and cannabinoid production. For example, high-CBD cultivars like Charlotte's Web typically contain less than 0.3% THC while producing 15-20% CBD content. Intellectual property considerations around cultivars have become increasingly important as the industry matures. Some breeders seek plant patents or trademark protection for their genetic creations, while others maintain trade secrets around their breeding programs. The legal cannabis market's growth has intensified competition for unique, high-performing cultivars that can command premium pricing and consumer loyalty.